Paradis, J. (2001). Do bilingual two-year-olds have separate phonological systems? The International Journal of Bilingualism, 5(1), 19–38.
This study used an experimental paradigm to examine whether bilinguals differentiated phonological systems in their two languages. Three groups of children with age ranging from 22 to 36 months participated in the experiment. Subjects were French monolinguals, English monolinguals, or French-English bilinguals. They were asked repeat nonsense four-syllable words in English and/or French. The patterns of omission and truncation of syllables were further analyzed. Results showed that for French syllables, French monolinguals and French-English bilinguals were similar. However, the results in English syllables for English monolinguals and French-English bilinguals were similar except for the second position in the WS’WS syllable, indicating that the trochaic form was a more biased and preferred type. Furthermore, English monolinguals were found to be more sensible to syllable weight than French monolinguals. For bilinguals, they were subject to cross-linguistic influences when an ambiguous structural pattern occurred. The direction of interference was from the language that had less ambiguous stress patterns than that with more ambiguous ones. Both language systems were not autonomous for bilinguals.
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